雀

一般为小形鸟类，羽色多为砂褐色而有羽干纹，也有不少种类具有美丽的黄、赤色泽，并有夏羽和冬羽之分，而且多为雌雄异色。嘴形多粗短，近乎圆锥形，嘴缘平滑，角质腭两侧纵棱几相平行，后端左右不相并连；鼻孔位于上嘴基部，覆以羽毛或膜；翅较短，具10枚初级飞羽，但第1枚多退化或缺如，所以一般见到9枚；次级飞羽的长度约等于翅长的3/4；尾一般较长，尾羽12枚，中央尾羽不延长，尾呈角状，凹形或叉形，跗蹠部较发达，前面具盾状鳞，后面为纵状长形鳞片。

麻雀树麻雀

体长13～15厘米。雄鸟从额至后颈纯肝褐色；上体砂棕褐色，具黑色条纹；翅上有两道显著的近白色横斑纹；颏和喉黑；雌鸟似雄体，但色彩较淡或暗，额和颊羽具暗色先端，嘴基带黄色。相似种家麻雀以及其他麻雀颊部均无黑斑，野外不难区别。食性较杂，主要以谷粒、草子、种子、果实等植物性食物为食，繁殖期间也吃大量昆虫，特别是雏鸟，几全以昆虫和昆虫幼虫为食。一般均为地方性留鸟，在当地繁殖。世界分布很广泛，遍及中国各省区。

朱鹀

头顶及上体几纯沙褐色；眉纹、眼先、颊以及颏、喉、胸呈淡玫瑰红色；腹部浅淡以至污白；第一枚飞羽很发达；尾羽长，外侧尾羽粉色。为山区鸟类，但不到过高海拔的山区，一般在海拔500-2500m高处。栖息于山谷和山溪两岸的矮柳丛和小形灌丛中。此鸟为我国特产鸟类，但数量稀少，分布狭隘。中国特有。

血雀

为中等大小的鸟类。雄鸟羽毛红而雌鸟羽毛绿色，嘴钝而强且不交叉，近似朱雀的嘴。翅较长，翅端超过尾的一半，头羽和颈羽呈红或绿色，羽基均为白色。国内分布于西南山地和青藏高原。国外见于印度，尼泊尔，泰国和缅甸。

本科鸟类很多为熟知、常见的鸟类，也多为笼鸟的来源，广栖于森林、田园、草甸、灌丛和居民区附近。食物多为谷类、草子、花蕾和叶芽等；繁殖期绝大多数则以昆虫及其幼虫喂雏。巢较简单无盖，通常呈杯状。多为迁徙鸟，少数种类为留鸟。

除大洋洲外，广泛分布于全世界，而以北半球的种类最为丰富。

(一)雀亚科 Fringillinae
I．燕雀属Fringilla
1.燕雀Fringilla montifringilla
2.苍头燕雀Fringilla coelebs
(1)指名亚种F．c．coelebs
Ⅱ．丝雀属Serinus
3.金额丝雀Serinus pusillus
Ⅲ．金翅[雀]属Carduelis
4．金翅[雀]Carduelis sinica
(1)指名亚种C．s．sinica
(2)乌苏里亚种C．s．ussuriensis
(3)兴安岭亚种C．s．chaborovi
(4)台湾亚种C．s．kawarahiba
5．高山金翅[雀]Carduelis spinoides
(1)指名亚种C．s．spinoides
6．黑头金翅[雀]Carduelis ambigua
(1)指名亚种C．a．ambigua
(2)西藏亚种C．a．taylori
7．红额金翅[雀]Carduelis carduelis
(1)新疆亚种C．c．paropanisi
(2)阿里亚种C．c．caniceps
8．黄雀Carduelis spinus
9．藏黄雀Carduelis thibetana
10．白腰朱顶雀Carduelis flammea
(1)．指名亚种C．f．flammea
11．极北朱顶雀Carduelis hornemanni
(1)北方亚种C．h．exilipes
12．黄嘴朱顶雀Carduelis flavirostris
(1)南疆亚种C．f．montanella
(2)北疆亚种C．f．korejevi
(3)青海亚种C．f．miniakensis
(4)藏南亚种C．f．rufostrigata
13．赤胸朱顶雀Carduelis cannabina
(1)新疆亚种C．c．bella
Ⅳ．岭雀属Leucosticte
14．林岭雀Leucosticte nemoricola
(1)指名亚种L．n．nemoricola
(2)新疆亚种L．n.altaica
15．高山岭雀Leucosticte brandti
(1)指名亚种L．b．btandti
(2)疆西亚种L．b．pamirensis
(3)藏南亚种L．b．audreyana
(4)西藏亚种L．b．haematopygia
(5)青海亚种L．b．intermedia
(6)南疆亚种L．b．pallidior
(7)四川亚种L．b．walteri
16．桂红头岭雀Leucosticte sillemi
17．粉红腹岭雀Leucosticte arctoa
(1)指名亚种L．a．arctoa
(2)东北亚种L．a．brunneonucha
V．沙雀属Rhodopechys
18.巨嘴沙雀Rhodopechys obsoleta
19.赤翅沙雀Rhodopechys sanguinea
(1)指名亚种R．s.sanguinea
20.蒙古沙雀Rhodopechys mongolica
Ⅵ．朱雀属Carpodacus
21．大朱雀Carpodacus rubicilla
(1)新疆亚种C．r．kobdensis
(2)青藏亚种C．r．severtzovi
22．拟大朱雀 Carpodacus rubicilloides
(1)指名亚种C．r．rubicilloides
(2)藏南亚种C．r．lucifer
23.红胸朱雀Carpodacus puniceus
(1)指名亚种C．p．puniceus
(2)疆西亚种C．p．kilisanensis
(3)青海亚种C．p．longirostris
24.暗胸朱雀Carpodacus nipalensis
(1)指名亚种C．n．nipalensis
25．赤朱雀Carpodacus rubescens
26.沙色朱雀Carpodacus synoicus
(1)新疆亚种C．s．stoliczkae
(2)青海亚种C．s．beicki
27.红腰朱雀Carpodacus rhodochlamys
(1)指名亚种C．r．rhodochlamys
28.点翅朱雀Carpodacus rhodopeplus
(1)指名亚种C．r．rhodopeplus
(2)西南亚种C．r．verreauxii
29．棕朱雀Carpodacus edwardsii
(1)指名亚种C．e．edwardsii
(2)藏南亚种C．e．rubicunda
30．酒红朱雀Carpodacus vinaceus
(1)指名亚种C．v．vinaceus
(2)台湾亚种C．v．taiwanensis
31．玫红眉朱雀Carpodacus rodochrous
32．红眉朱雀Carpodacus pulcherrimus
(1)指名亚种C．p．pulcherrimus
(2)藏南亚种C．p．waltoni
(3)青藏亚种C．p．argyrophrys
(4)华北亚种C．p．davidianus
33．曙红朱雀Carpodacus eos
34．白眉朱雀Carpodacus thura
(1)甘肃亚种C．t．dubius
(2)西南亚种C．t．femininus
(3)指名亚种C．t．thura
(4)青海亚种C．t．deserticolor
35．[普通]朱雀Carpodacus erythrinus
(1)普通亚种C．e．roseatus
(2)东北亚种C．e．grebnitskii
36．北朱雀Carpodacus roseus
37．斑翅朱雀Carpodacus trifasciatus
Ⅶ．藏雀属Kozlowia
38．藏雀Kozlowia roborowskii
Ⅷ．松雀属Pinicola
39．松雀Pinicola enucleator
(1)堪察加亚种P．e．kamtschathensis
(2)北方亚种P．e．pacata
40．红眉松雀Pinicola．subhimachala
Ⅸ．交嘴雀属Loxia
41．红交嘴雀Loxia curvirostra
(1)东北亚种L．c．japonica
(2)新疆亚种L．c．tianschanica
(3)青藏亚种L．c．himalayensis
(4)指名亚种L．c．curvirostra
42．白翅交嘴雀Loxia leucoptera
(1)东北亚种L．l．bifasciata
X．长尾雀属Uragus
43．长尾雀Uragus sibiricus
(1)指名亚种U．s．sibiricus
(2)东北亚种U．s．ussuriensis
(3)秦岭亚种U．s．lepidus
(4)西南亚种U．s．henrici
Ⅺ．血雀属Haematospiza
44．血雀Haematospiza sipahi
XII．黑雀属Pyrrhoplectes
45．金枕黑雀Pyrrhoplectes epauletta
XIII．灰雀属Pyrrhula
46．褐灰雀Pyrrhula nipalensis
(1)指名亚种P．n．nipalensis
(2)华南亚种P．n．ricketti
(3)台湾亚种P．n．uchidai
47．灰头灰雀Pyrrhula erythaca
(1)指名亚种P．e．erythaca
(2)台湾亚种P．e．owstoni
48．红头灰雀Pyrrhula erythrocephala
49．灰腹灰雀Pyrrhula griseiventris
(1)指名亚种P．g．griseiventris
(2)东北亚种P．g．cineracea
5O．红腹灰雀Pyrrhula pyrrhula
(1)东北亚种P．p．cassini
(2)指名亚种P．p．pyrrhula

(二)锡嘴亚科Coccothraustinae
XIV．蜡嘴雀属Eophona
51．黑头蜡嘴雀Eophona personata
(1)指名亚种E．p．personata
(2)东北亚种E．p．magnirostris
52．黑尾蜡嘴雀Eophona migratoria
(1)指名亚种E．m．migratoria
(2)长江亚种E．m．sowerbyi
XV．锡嘴雀属Coccothraustes
53．锡嘴雀Coccothraustes coccothraustes
(1)指名亚种C．c．coccothraustes
(2)日本亚种C．c．japonicus
XVI．拟蜡嘴雀属Mycerobas Cabanis
54．斑翅拟蜡嘴雀Mycerobas melanozanthos
55．白翅拟蜡嘴雀Mycerobas carnipes
(1)指名亚种M．c．carnipes
56．黑翅拟蜡嘴雀Mycerobas affinis

(三)鹀亚科Emberizinae
XVlI．朱鹀属Urochynchramus
57．朱鹀Urochynchramus pylzowi
XVIII．鹀属Emberiza
58．黍鹀Emberiza calandra
(1)指名亚种E．c．calandra
59．白头鹀Emberiza leucocephala
(1)指名亚种E．l．leucocephala
(2)青海亚种F．l．fronta
60．黑头鹀Enberiza melanocephala
61．褐头鹀Emberiza bruniceps
62．栗鹀Emberiza rutila
63．黄胸鹀Emberiza aureola
(1)指名亚种E．a．aureola
(2)东北亚种E．a．ornata
64．黄喉鹀Emberiza elegans
(1)东北亚种E．e．ticehursti
(2)西南亚种E．e．elegantula
(3)指名亚种E．e．elegans
65．黄鹀Emberiza citrinella
(1)北方亚种E．c．erythrogenys
66．灰头鹀Emberiza spodocephala
(1)指名亚种E．s．spodocephala
(2)东方亚种E．s．sordida
(3)日本亚种E．s．personata
67．硫黄鹀Emberiza sulphurata
68．圃鹀Emberiza hortulana
69．灰颈鹀Emberiza buchanani
(1)新疆亚种E．b．neobscura
70．灰眉岩鹀Emberiza cia
(1)北疆亚种E．c．par
(2)新疆亚种E．c．decolorata
(3)甘肃亚种E．c．godlewskii
(4)华北亚种E．c．omissa
(5)四川亚种E．c．styani
(6)青藏亚种E．c．khamensis
(7)西南亚种E．c．yunnanensis
(8)阿里亚种E．c．stracheyi
71．三道眉草鹀Emberiza cioides
(1)指名亚种E．c．cioides
(2)东北亚种E．c．weigoldi
(3)普通亚种E．c．castaneiceps
72．栗斑腹鹀Emberiza jankowskii
73．赤胸鹀Emberiza fucata
(1)指名亚种E．f.fucata
(2)西南亚种E．f.arcuata
(3)挂墩亚种E．f.kuatunensis
74．田鹀Emberiza rustica
(1)指名亚种E．r．rustica
(2)堪察加亚种E．r．latifascia
75．小鹀Emberiza pusilla
76.黄眉鹀Emberiza chrysophrys
77．灰鹀Emberiza variabilis
78．白眉鹀Emberiza tristrami
79．藏鹀Emberiza koslowi
80．红颈苇鹀Emberiza yessoensis
(1)东北亚种E．y．continentalis
81．苇鹀Emberiza pallasi
(1)东北亚种E．p．polaris
(2)指名亚种E．p．pallasi
82．芦鹀Emberiza schoeniclus
(1)极北亚种E．s．passerina
(2)北方亚种E．s．parvirostris
(3)疆西亚种E．s．pallidior
(4)新疆亚种E．s．pyrrhuloides
(5)青海亚种E．s．zaidamensis
(6)西方亚种E．s．incognita
(7)东北亚种E．s．minor
83．蓝鹀Emberiza siemsseni
XIX．凤头鹀属Melophus
84．凤头鹀Melophus lathami
(1)指名亚种M．l．lathami
XX．铁爪鹀属Calcarius lapponicus
85．铁爪鹀Calcarius lapponicus
(1)东北亚种C．l．coloratus
XXI．雪鹀属Plectrophenax
86．雪鹀Plectrophenax nivalis
(1)北方亚种P．n．vlasowae